Electric motor.



' NoL 688,l50. Patented Dec. 3, I901.

' J. DARLING.-

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

' (Application filed June 5, 1901.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

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A 770/?NE rs I No. 688,50. Patented Dec. 3, I90]; J. DARLING.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

(Applicat ion filed June 5, 1901.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH DARLING, OF CHICORA, PENNSYLVANIA.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 688,150, dated December3, 190i.

Application filed June 5, 1901.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that LJosnrn DAELINc,of Ohicora,in the county of Butler andState of Pen nsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement inElectric Motors, of which the following is a specification.

Myinventionisin the nature of an improvement upon the electric motor forwhich Letters Patent No. 662,772 were granted me November 27, 1900; andit consists in certain features of construction and arrangement designedto simplify and improve the motor, to facilitate the putting of theparts together, and to so cheapen its construction as to permit it to bemade and sold within the limits of the price of a toy.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the motor. Fig. 2 is a verticallongitudinal section taken centrally through a part of the electrom agnet. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section. Fig. 4 is a perspectiveView of the hollow cylindrical core. Fig.5 is an end view of theelectromagnet, with the base in section. Fig. 6 is a detail of thecommutating devices. Fig. '7 is a sectional detail through the automaticspeed-governor. Figs. 8 and 9 are modifications of the governor. Fig. 10is a section view of a modification of the casing, and Figs. 11, 12, 13,and 14 are details.

The general features of an iron base a, an iron casing A for theelectromagnet, with standards a cast thereon, the armature O at the endof the magnet, and a horizontal crankshaft journaled in the standardsand connected to the 'armatureby a pitman and arm and having a fly-wheelat one end, with automatic governor-switch, are substantially the sameas those already shown in my said former patent.

In my present invention the base a, case A, and standards a are cast intwo separate sections, which join together in the middle vertical planeof the electromagnet to form a complete inclosin g case and base. Thesetwo sections are screwed or bolted together by horizontal bolts a apassing through that portion of the casing between the semicylindricalshell and the base. The object in making the casing, base, and standardsin two symmetrical sections is to permit said parts to be Serial No.63,260. (No model.)

cheaply drawn from the mold in casting without coring, to permit theparts to be cheaply and quickly assembled in building up the motor, andto secure other results, as will be hereinafter described.

The electromagnet within the case A has acentral core 13, whose endopposite the armature G protrudes through the casing and is formed witha circulargroove 17 In the ends of the two sections A of the casing areformed semicircular notches N, Fig. 12, smaller in diameter than thecore-and extending down into the groove b of the core, so that when thetwo sections of the casing are brought together to a close fit the headportions of the casing clamp and hold the core so that it cannot moveendwise in response to the pull of the armature at the other end. Thisconstitutes a second advantageous result flowing from the casting of thecasing in sections. Still another feature related to the casting of thecase and base in symmetrical halves is to be found in the means forsecuring the rocking armature O in its seats. On the adjacent parts ofthe base a a are cast the half-pockets c c, which draw from the mold ina direction at right angles to the plane of the joint of the case, butwhich pockets when put together (see Fig. 13) form a smaller opening atthe top than they have at the bottom, so that the ears or lugs Z Z atthe bottom of the armature when inserted between the pocket-sections andthe latter are brought together in assembling the two halves of thecasting inclose and retain the lugs of the armature, so that the latterwill not drop out of place even if the motor is inverted. To preventlooseness at the rocking seat of the armature and to hold the armatureup to close contact with the electromagnet-pole, a bowed spring 8, Fig.14, is arranged in the pocket behind the armature. In some forms of mydevice I may not use these pockets, but may employ perforated ears 6, asseen in Fig. 5, which may be equally as well cast on the basepieces, soas to draw from the mold.

In constructing the armature G itis stamped in one piece out of heavysheet-iron, with an extension-arm C, which is bent at right angles tothe part 0, Fig. 1, and formed on its end with upturned lugs to receivethe pintlepin which connects it to the connecting-rod F, which securesit to the crank of the crankshaft E, journaled in the tops of thestandards a". The connecting-rod F is made in two sections connectedtogether in the middle by a slip-joint clamped by a clamp'screw f, so asto take up looseness between the crank-shaft and arm 0. In thisconnection another advantage in making the casing and the two standardsa c in separate pieces is to be seen, for in applying the crank-shaft noj ournal-boxes are required in the tops of standards (F, but the topshave journal-holes cast in them, and the crank-shaft, with its endsfreed of the wheels, is placed between the standards a a and the latterare then brought together to protrude the ends of the shaft through thebearing-holes in the tops of the standards.

The electromagnet which I employ is one which has two or more concentrichelices, with both a central core and also another cylindrical corebetween the two helices, as shown in my previous patent. This is notbroadly a new feature; but in cheaply and conveniently constructing anelectromagnet of this kind I make the cylindrical core (see Fig. 4) intwo or more longitudinal sections B B B, and when the inner helix iswound these cylindrical core-sections are simply laid on the same andthe winding continued out side of them. These core-sections have theirends slightly reduced and protruded through the hard-rubber washer a soas to hold said core-sections in place. The electromagnet thus formedhas its opposite end closed by a disk d, upon whose shoulder d thecoresections B are lapped, and which disk is fitted within the case A.This electromagnet may be made as short as desired and need not fill thewhole case, as shown. Between the central core and the innerend of thecase a springwasher t is placed, which takes up all looseness betweenthe case and core.

P P are the two binding-posts through which the battery-current is takento the coils of the electromagnet. One of these, P, connects with oneterminal of the double helix and the other one, P connects with theother terminal of the helix through the metal strip or wire 15 thespring switch or brush g, and the commutating devices of thegovernor,suhstantially in the same manner as in my previous patent,except that the switch g instead of being two-pronged, as in my formerpatent, is a spring-loop whose opposite sides are brought alternatelyinto contact with the commutating device by the lever G, according asthe motor is to be run in one direction or the other.

W is a weight sliding on one of the spokes of the fly-wheel and having ashank w and acommutating bearing 10 which comes in contactwith thespring-switch g. This weight is designed to fly out from centrifugalaction when the motor goes too fast, so as to take the commutating-faceaway from the brush or spring switch g and cut off the electricalcurrent, and thus automatically reduce speed in the general manner shownin my previous patent. The spring for forcing the weight inward andmeans for adjusting its tension are, however, different. In the presentinvention the spring at is shaped somewhat like a hair-pin, beingdouble-branched and lying in a somewhat parallel relation to the rim ofthe wheel just inside of the same. The bent middle portion is hookedaround the spoke adjacent to the one carrying the sliding weight and isheld in place by a notched enlargement m on the spoke. The two branchesof the spring straddle a slight fin m on the inner periphery of thewheel-rim, and the two ends of the branches of the spring rest upon andpress the weight inwardly. A set-screw m is tapped through a flat collarm' on the two legs of the spring and bears against the rim of the wheel,so as to regulate the pressure of the spring on the weight. By puttingthe loop end of the spring into one or they other of the notches on theenlargement m the position of the spring may be slightly changed. As amodification of these devices the spring may be arranged as in Figs. 8and 9.

In Fig. 9 a mere enlargement on the spoke holds the end of the springwithout any notches for adjustment. In Fig. 8 the tension of the springis regulated by a sliding friction-sleeve m on the spoke, the springtilting about the fin m as a fulcrum.

In transmitting the motion of'the crankshaft E through suitablereducing-gears to points of utilization the end of the crankshaft (seeFig. 3) is provided with a rigid boss '22, and outside of this isscrew-tlireaded. A small pinion n is provided with a screwthreadedopening and is turned on the threaded end of the shaft like a nut, and alarge jam-nut n is screwed on outside the pinion and made to lock thepinion rigidly to the crank-shaft. This jam-nut is of a diametersomewhat greater than the pinion. This pinion engages a large gear-wheel0, which has a hub 0, provided with a sprocket-wheel o to receive achain belt for driving advertising figures or operating any kind ofmachinery or moving toys. This gear-wheel 0 turns loosely on the end ofa shaft It and re quires no special means for preventing it fromslipping oif the end other than the devices already described, since thejam-nut n overlaps the edge of the gear-wheel 0 sufficiently to keep itfrom coming off. The shaft R is not only an axis for the gear-wheel 0,but is a clamping-bolt for holding the upper parts of the casing andstandards a together. For this purpose it is provided with a rigid hubor shoulder to, which bears against one of the standards 0. and thenceextends through the other standard and terminates in a screw-threadedend with nut a, which when screwed up tight holds the parts of thecasing together.

To reduce the weight of the motor, I may make the greater part of thebase of wood, as shown in Fig. 10, only forming on the bottom of themagnet-casin g A a slight outturned flange a to permit it to be screwedto the wood base.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an electric motor, a metal casing for the electromagnet made intwo parts and each bearing a portion of the shell for the magnet, astandard for the crank-shaft, and a basic flange, all made in one piece,and bolts for connecting these two parts together substantially asdescribed.

2. In an electric motor, a metal casing for the electromagnet made intwo parts and each formed in one piece and bearing a portion of theshell for the magnet and a rocking seat or hearing for thearmature-pivots at the end of the casing, bolts connecting these twoparts, and an armature fulcrumed in said seats substantially asdescribed.

3. In an electric motor, a metal casing for the electromagnet made intwo parts and each formed in one piece bearing a portion of the shellfor the magnet and a hollow pocket open ing inwardly, bolts for securing the two parts together, an armature fulcrumed in said pockets, and aspring arranged in the pockets behind the armature to press the armaturetoward the magnet as described.

4. In an electric motor, a metal casing for the electromagnet made intwo parts, a shaft passing through the two parts and provided withclamping devices acting as a bolt to hold the two parts together andextended at one end to form an axial shaft for a gear-wheelsubstantially as described.

5. In an electric motor, the combination of an electromagnet, itsarmature, and a crankshaft connected to the armature, said crankshaftbeing provided with a rigid pinion with a collar or flange at one sideof the same, a parallel axial shaft, a loose gear-wheel thereon engagingthe pinion and prevented from coming ed by the flange or collar besidethe pinion substantially as described.

6. In an electric motor, the combination of the crank-shaft, theelectromagnet, an armature at the end of the electromagnet having arigid arm extending from the armature beneath and past the crank-shaft,and a connecting-rod or pitman made of two slidable sections withclamping-screw, one section being attached to the crank-shaft and theother to the armature-arm substantially as shown and described.

7. In an electric motor, the combination of the crank-shaft, thearmature, devices connecting the armature and crank-shaft, a switch, andan electromagnet made with both a central and a hollow cylindrical coreand two helices, said cylindrical core being made of separatelongitudinal sections of a cylinder substantially as described.

8. In an electric motor, the combination of a crank-shaft, the armature,devices connecting the armature and crank-shaft, a switch, and anelectromagnet made with both a central and a hollow cylindrical core andtwo helices, said cylindrical core being made of separate longitudinalsections with reduced ends, a disk at one end of the magnet havingopenings to receive these ends, and a disk with shoulder to receive theother ends of said sections substantially as described.

9. An electromagnet comprising a central core, an outer casing, twoconcentric helices in said casing,and ahollow cylindrical core made inlongitudinal sections and arranged between the helices substantially asand for the purpose described.

10. In an electric motor, the combination of an electromagnet having anextended central core, and an external casing for the magnet made in twosections bolted together upon and clamping the extended core to hold itagainst the pull of the armature substantially as described.

11. In an electric motor, the combination of an electromagnet having anextended central core with a groove in it, an external casing for themagnet having notches fitted into the groove of said core, and a springarranged between the core and the casing to take up loosenesssubstantially as described.

12. In an electric motor, the combination with the switch or brush, andthe radiallysliding governor-weight having an electric contact for saidbrush, and a fly-wheel; of a spring arranged inside the rim of thefly-wheel and having one end crossing the radial line and pressing theweight inwardly, and an anchorage and adjusting device for said springsubstantially as shown and described.

13. In an electric motor, the combination with the switch or brush, theradially-sliding governor-weight having an electric contact for saidbrush, and a fly-wheel; of a spring arranged inside the rim of thefly-wheel, said spring being branched and anchored at its bent endaround a spoke of the fly-wheel, and having its other end extendedacross the weight at right angles to the radial line, and means foradjusting the tension of said spring substantially as described.

1a. In an electric motor, the combination of the switch or brush, theradially-sliding governor-weight having an electric contact for saidbrush, a fly wheel having an inwardlyprojecting fin on its rim, a springbranched and anchored at its bent end around a spoke of the fly-wheeland straddling the fin and having its other end extended across theweight at right angles to the radial line, and means for adjusting thetension of said spring substantially as described.

15, In an electric motor, the combination with the electromagnet; of anarmature pivoted at the end thereof and made in one piece with aright-angular arm extending longitudinally along the side of the magnet,a crankshaft crossing this arm, and a connecting-rod connecting thecrank-shaft to the end of said :0 arm substantially as described.

JOSEPH DARLING.

Witnesses:

EDW. W. BYRN, SoLoN C. KEMON.

